Kurt Cobain

小簡介
如果說，整個搖滾史是一部令人感嘆的傳奇故事，那么這當中最精彩的部分往往是由那些英年早逝的悲劇人物創(chuàng)造的。他們的樂壇生涯雖然短暫，卻轟轟烈烈，服藥過量而身亡的“吉他之神”吉米·亨德里克斯、心臟病突發(fā)猝死在浴缸內(nèi)的“大門”樂隊主唱吉姆·莫里森、上吊自盡的后朋克樂隊“快樂分裂”的靈魂人物伊安·柯蒂斯，以及飲彈身亡的“涅磐”樂隊主唱柯特·科本。
他們的離去在他們各自的音樂成就上又增添了一份感人的悲劇色彩，甚至是一道神化的光環(huán)，而其中的柯特·科本，更被認為是上世紀九十年代搖滾樂唯一的神話式人物。
1967年2月20日，柯特·科本出生于美國西北部小城阿伯丁，父母的離異給他的童年蒙上了陰影，悲慘的生活埋下了他性格中反叛的根芽。1985年，柯特和好友奎斯組建了自己的樂隊，鼓手幾經(jīng)更換選定了戴夫·格羅爾，兩年后樂隊正式命名為“涅磐”，開始在公共劇場和大學校園里舉行演出，簽約“地下流行”公司之后，“涅磐”先后發(fā)行了第一張單曲唱片《情話/大人物》和首張專輯《漂白》，他們的音樂吸引了一大批主流硬搖滾歌迷，以至于許多評論將“涅磐”誤認為金屬樂隊，但主唱柯特·科本并沒有改變初衷，他仍然試圖走出一條非主流的道路。
1990年以前，“涅磐”分別在全美、全歐及北美西海岸成功的做了數(shù)次巡演，億萬的搖滾樂迷又多了一個為之瘋狂的偶像。
1991年4月30日，“涅磐”樂隊與大唱片公司“格芬”簽約，（小標題：躋身主流）同年錄制了革命性的專輯《別介意》，《少年心氣》等旋律經(jīng)典、情緒激昂瘋狂的佳作，在美國甚至把邁克爾·杰克遜擠下了臺，坐上了公告牌排行榜的第一把交椅。巨大的商業(yè)成功改變了另類音樂不能帶來利潤的現(xiàn)象，帶動了大批非主流樂隊紛紛轉入地上。
在成為超級偶像的同時，柯特·科本遇上了一生中的摯愛——朋克樂隊“洞穴”的女主唱科特妮·洛芙，1992年秋天他們的女兒弗朗西絲降生，夫婦二人因為吸毒一度失去了對女兒的監(jiān)護權，本來就處于成功的巨大壓力之下的柯特·科本，受到丑聞和嚴重胃病的困擾，已經(jīng)很難在音樂創(chuàng)作中享受到樂趣，甚至嘗試過自殺。專輯《在母體中》和《亂倫》就是在這樣的狀態(tài)下誕生的。
1993年12月16日，“涅磐”和MTV頻道錄制了一場經(jīng)典的“不插電”演唱會，原汁原味的木吉他和輕松溫柔的演唱，展現(xiàn)出柯特·科本的另一種魅力，也改變了許多人對搖滾樂的偏見。
盡管事業(yè)還在蒸蒸日上，柯特·科本還是變的越來越極端，越來越憤世嫉俗，臺下瘋狂叫喊的歌迷，甚至他深愛的妻子和女兒，都無法挽回他內(nèi)心的絕望，1994年4月5日，柯特用一顆子彈結束了生命……
4月8日，他的尸體被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，他自殺的死訊傳向全世界?？绿?middot;科本在遺書中寫道，我已經(jīng)沒有任何激情了，所以要記住“與其茍延殘喘，不如從容燃燒！”他終于像樂隊名字“涅磐”一樣，超越了生死的境界，十三年后的今天，他27歲的生命，依然是搖滾樂神壇上英雄的化身。
As the lead singer and guitarist of Nirvana, Kurt Cobain's musical success began in his twenties and was heightened when he formed the band Nirvana. Hits such as "Smells Like Teen Spirit," "Come as You Are," and "Heart Shaped Box" helped the group achieve international success.
Cobain was born in Aberdeen, WA. Hyperactive as a youngster, he was given Ritalin to help him concentrate in school and sedatives to help him sleep at night. At the age of seven, his parents got divorced. He became so difficult to live with that his parents sent him to live with relatives. This period in his life is reflected in songs such as "Sliver." With a dislike for school, Cobain spent his time painting and singing. He listened to the Beatles and the Monkees, but changed to bands such as Kiss, Black Sabbath, the Sex Pistols, and the Clash in 1979. On his 14th birthday, Cobain bought his first guitar and started experimenting with different musical styles. He also was a roadie for a Seattle group called the Melvins. He dropped out of high school a few weeks before graduation to get a job, but his efforts were unsuccessful because he couldn't hold a job for very long.
In 1986 the group Nirvana was formed with Cobain on vocals and guitar, Krist Novaselic on bass guitar, and various drummers. Their first album, Bleach, was released in 1989. They toured the U.S. and had their first international concert in Newcastle, England. Their second single was unsuccessful, so they changed record companies. After signing with Geffen Records in 1991, and adding permanent drummer Dave Grohl, they produced their second album, Nevermind, which received rave reviews with the hits "Smells Like Teen Spirit," "Come as You Are," and "Lithium." Their popularity grew after the group made appearances on MTV's Headbanger's Ball and NBC's Saturday Night Live. The success of the band was intimidating to Cobain, who liked the intimate setting of nightclubs; it was the money that guided them to do concerts and shows in the rock arena. It was in the early '90s that Cobain began doing heavy drugs such as morphine and heroin, but in 1992 his personal life brightened as he married Courtney Love in Hawaii, and their union brought a daughter, Frances Bean. With a wife and daughter, Cobain calmed a bit, and the group released Incesticide.
Things took a turn for the worse in 1993 when Cobain overdosed on heroin. After seeking rehabilitation for a time in a center, he left without completing the program. During this time the band played on. In 1993 they released In Utero, their last studio-recorded album. Nirvana played an MTV unplugged concert and a concert in Munich in 1994. One week after the concert in Munich, Kurt Cobain was hospitalized in a coma. After waking up and leaving voluntarily, he was reported missing and was found three days later in his house, dead of a gunshot wound. As a rock legend, Cobain reached a demise similar to that of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison. The songs and albums of Cobain and Nirvana continue to influence and encourage many young musicians.